Swiss Catalogue of Learning Objectives for Undergraduate Medical Training

Under a mandate of the Joint Commission of the Swiss Medical Schools

6. Discipline Related Objectives

Pharmacotherapy

Further Knowledge

... interindividual variability and individualized treatment

Objective ID Level D T E P G

C PT 1   pharmacological concept: potency of drugs; efficacy; therapeutic index 1

C PT 2   pharmacokinetic parameters in the adult, loading and maintenance doses under normal conditions 2

C PT 3   drug administration routes and pharmaceutical forms 1

C PT 4   therapeutic drug monitoring (indications, modalities, principles of dosing adaptations, timing and blood sampling, detection of incorrect laboratory results) 1

C PT 5   prescribing during pregnancy and breast feeding (safe drugs for common conditions, risks of drugs) 2

C PT 6   prescribing in infancy 1

C PT 7   principles of prescribing in childhood based on body weight and body surface area 2

C PT 8   prescribing in the elderly (pharmacokinetic and dynamic variables and principles of adaptation of dosing) 2

C PT 9   drug-drug interactions (basic pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms, common drug interactions, use of reference CYP P450 tables) 2

C PT 10   influence on drug metabolism of gender, diet, tobacco and alcohol, naturally occuring and polluting substances (including enzyme induction and inhibition) 1

C PT 11   ways of influences of genomics on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and its association with interindividual variability in efficacy and toxicity 1

C PT 12   prescribing in renal disease (pharmacokinetic changes, drug dosing, adaptations depending on the creatinine clearance) 2

C PT 13   prescribing in liver disease (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes, drugs best avoided, hepatotoxic drugs, estimation of initial and maintenance doses according to hepatic drug clearance) 1

C PT 14   prescribing in heart failure (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes, optimal route of drug administration, drugs best avoided in cardiac disease, cardiotoxic drugs, adaptation of initial and maintenance doses in heart failure) 1

... drug safety, prevention and identification of adverse events

Objective ID Level D T E P G

C PT 15   adverse drug events (frequency, classification, detection and prevention, risk factors, drug allergy, drug toxicity, importance of toxic drug metabolites, information to patients) 2

C PT 16   definition of pharmacovigilance (causality assessment, reporting) 1

C PT 17   main antidotes in drug poisoning 2

C PT 18   supportive measures in drug poisoning and measures to enhance drug clearance 1

C PT 19   common acute intoxications (sedatives, antidepressants, opiates, opioids, paracetamol, aspirin) 2

C PT 20   drug approval, roles of regulatory (cantonal and federal) authorities 1

C PT 21   prescribing, legal principles 2

... principles of therapeutics

Objective ID Level D T E P G

C PT 22   principles for choice of a drug in a class 1

C PT 23   criteria for status as over-the-counter drug 1

C PT 24   self-medication (frequency, symptoms and diseases suitable for, advice to patients) 1

C PT 25   placebo effect (mechanism, importance in clinical research, ethical implications) 2

C PT 26   development of new drugs (preclinical development; phases of clinical trials) 1

C PT 27   pharmacoeconomics: Defined Daily Dose (DDD), pricing and cost effectiveness of drugs 1

C PT 28   pharmaceutical market (industrial, economic, legal and political factors) 1

C PT 29   drug reimbursement (BAG-OFSP drug list) 1

C PT 30   drug efficacy, efficiency and effectiveness, definition of therapeutic progress (based on drug usefulness vs. existing drugs) 1

C PT 31   sources of information on drug treatment 2

C PT 32   drug-marketing (innovative molecule, me-too molecule, new indication for established drug, new formulation, new treatment methods, biased information) 1

Objective ID		Level	D	T	E	P	G
C PT 1	pharmacological concept: potency of drugs; efficacy; therapeutic index	1
C PT 2	pharmacokinetic parameters in the adult, loading and maintenance doses under normal conditions	2
C PT 3	drug administration routes and pharmaceutical forms	1
C PT 4	therapeutic drug monitoring (indications, modalities, principles of dosing adaptations, timing and blood sampling, detection of incorrect laboratory results)	1
C PT 5	prescribing during pregnancy and breast feeding (safe drugs for common conditions, risks of drugs)	2
C PT 6	prescribing in infancy	1
C PT 7	principles of prescribing in childhood based on body weight and body surface area	2
C PT 8	prescribing in the elderly (pharmacokinetic and dynamic variables and principles of adaptation of dosing)	2
C PT 9	drug-drug interactions (basic pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms, common drug interactions, use of reference CYP P450 tables)	2
C PT 10	influence on drug metabolism of gender, diet, tobacco and alcohol, naturally occuring and polluting substances (including enzyme induction and inhibition)	1
C PT 11	ways of influences of genomics on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and its association with interindividual variability in efficacy and toxicity	1
C PT 12	prescribing in renal disease (pharmacokinetic changes, drug dosing, adaptations depending on the creatinine clearance)	2
C PT 13	prescribing in liver disease (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes, drugs best avoided, hepatotoxic drugs, estimation of initial and maintenance doses according to hepatic drug clearance)	1
C PT 14	prescribing in heart failure (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes, optimal route of drug administration, drugs best avoided in cardiac disease, cardiotoxic drugs, adaptation of initial and maintenance doses in heart failure)	1

Objective ID		Level	D	T	E	P	G
C PT 15	adverse drug events (frequency, classification, detection and prevention, risk factors, drug allergy, drug toxicity, importance of toxic drug metabolites, information to patients)	2
C PT 16	definition of pharmacovigilance (causality assessment, reporting)	1
C PT 17	main antidotes in drug poisoning	2
C PT 18	supportive measures in drug poisoning and measures to enhance drug clearance	1
C PT 19	common acute intoxications (sedatives, antidepressants, opiates, opioids, paracetamol, aspirin)	2
C PT 20	drug approval, roles of regulatory (cantonal and federal) authorities	1
C PT 21	prescribing, legal principles	2

Objective ID		Level	D	T	E	P	G
C PT 22	principles for choice of a drug in a class	1
C PT 23	criteria for status as over-the-counter drug	1
C PT 24	self-medication (frequency, symptoms and diseases suitable for, advice to patients)	1
C PT 25	placebo effect (mechanism, importance in clinical research, ethical implications)	2
C PT 26	development of new drugs (preclinical development; phases of clinical trials)	1
C PT 27	pharmacoeconomics: Defined Daily Dose (DDD), pricing and cost effectiveness of drugs	1
C PT 28	pharmaceutical market (industrial, economic, legal and political factors)	1
C PT 29	drug reimbursement (BAG-OFSP drug list)	1
C PT 30	drug efficacy, efficiency and effectiveness, definition of therapeutic progress (based on drug usefulness vs. existing drugs)	1
C PT 31	sources of information on drug treatment	2
C PT 32	drug-marketing (innovative molecule, me-too molecule, new indication for established drug, new formulation, new treatment methods, biased information)	1